Password cracking is the process of attempting to guess or uncover passwords used to access digital systems, accounts, or data without proper authorization. It is typically carried out using automated tools or scripts that systematically try different combinations of characters until the correct password is found. Password cracking can be used for various malicious purposes, including unauthorized access to accounts, identity theft, data theft, and espionage.

There are several techniques and methods used in password cracking:

Brute Force Attack: In a brute force attack, the attacker systematically tries every possible combination of characters until the correct password is found. This method is time-consuming and resource-intensive but can be effective, especially against weak or short passwords.
Dictionary Attack: In a dictionary attack, the attacker uses a precompiled list of commonly used passwords, dictionary words, or permutations of words to guess the password. This method is more efficient than brute force and is particularly effective against passwords that are based on easily guessable words or phrases.
Rainbow Table Attack: A rainbow table is a precomputed table of hash values for a large number of possible passwords. In a rainbow table attack, the attacker compares the hash value of the target password with the hash values stored in the rainbow table to find a matching plaintext password. This method is effective against hashed passwords but requires significant storage space.
Credential Stuffing: In credential stuffing attacks, attackers use username/password combinations obtained from data breaches or other sources to gain unauthorized access to accounts on various websites or services. This method relies on the reuse of passwords across multiple accounts by users.
Phishing: Phishing attacks involve tricking users into revealing their passwords or other sensitive information by impersonating legitimate entities through email, fake websites, or other communication channels.
To mitigate the risk of password cracking, users and organizations should follow best practices for password security, such as using strong, unique passwords or passphrases, enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA), regularly updating passwords, and being cautious of phishing attempts. Additionally, system administrators should implement security measures such as account lockout policies, rate limiting, and password complexity requirements to make password cracking more difficult for attackers.

Weekly Assignment:

What is a brute force attack in the context of password cracking? Explain how brute force attacks work and discuss their effectiveness against different types of passwords.
How does a dictionary attack differ from a brute force attack in password cracking? Describe the process of conducting a dictionary attack and provide examples of scenarios where it might be successful.
What role do rainbow tables play in password cracking? Explain how rainbow table attacks work and discuss their advantages and limitations compared to other password cracking techniques.
What is credential stuffing, and how does it relate to password cracking? Describe the process of credential stuffing attacks and discuss strategies that organizations can use to defend against them.
How can users and organizations improve password security to mitigate the risk of password cracking attacks? Provide recommendations for creating strong passwords and implementing additional security measures to protect against unauthorized access.
Assignment Requirments:

Please have APA standard format for paper
Please use at least 5 references and 3 references must be from the ANU library
Citations must be included
Write at least 3 pages on the questions that have been asked.

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